Sheepspeak: sermons, articles, and papers: October 2013

Showing posts with label October 2013. Show all posts

Sunday, January 13, 2019

Joshua 2: Redeemed!

Presented to Alberni Valley Ministries, 13 January 2018 by Captain Michael Ramsay

Over the next few weeks we are looking at Joshua. Last week Tim gave us a brief overview of the book and gave us an introduction to Joshua himself I believe. Today, we are going to look a little bit at the conquest of Jericho and specifically Rahab (Joshua 2&6, Hebrews 11:31, James 2:25).

First, what do we know about Jericho? Jericho was this great fortified city. It was near the Jordan River. There was wonderful farmland all around. Its population was giants! It must have had some special significance for Joshua too. This isn’t the first time that Joshua had been over the Jordan River. Do we remember Joshua’s first encounter with the Promised Land? Remember that Joshua was one of the 12 spies Moses sent to check out Jericho 40 years before and at first how all of them except Caleb came back afraid to claim their inheritance. Joshua then quickly took Caleb’s perspective but the rest of that generation were afraid to enter the Promised Land before it was too late and so God in essence said ‘fine’ and the Hebrews wandered around the desert until everyone in that generation – except Caleb and Joshua - died.

Now in our text today the Hebrews have returned to Jericho and the Promised Land and Joshua is sending out the spies. He picks 2 young men and he sends them out just like Moses had sent him out 40 years before. These two young guys are on their first assignment in all probability and their first time away from their family Israel and their first time in the big city. So these two teenage boys or young twenty-somethings, where do they go when they get to the city? They go see the local prostitute! (Now we don’t know if they went there to give her some business or if they just thought that this would be a good place to blend in while they were spying on the town. We don’t know whether it was their idea or Joshua’s idea that they wind up at the home/business of Rahab the prostitute but here they are at Rahab’s house.

What do we know about Rahab? Every September the Salvation Army highlights those who are trafficked. Many of the people trafficked today in Canada are prostituted. While there is no evidence that Rahab was trafficked: her family was close to her; they lived in the same town as her (Jericho) and she went out of her way to save their lives when the opportunity arose (Joshua 2:12-13, 18; 6:23);[2] she was a prostitute [3] and though Shrine/religious prostitution was not uncommon in that area, we know, because of the specific language used to describe her work, Rahab was not a shrine prostitute. She was a secular prostitute not unlike those in our own time in this country.[4] And prostitutes then, like prostituted peoples today, were often outcasts from society.

It is significant that she is often referred to by her profession but another significant thing about Rahab of course was that she repented of her allegiances - when these young spies showed up at her door she, a probably young, marginalized prostitute was smart enough to see what was happening and she changed to support God (Joshua 2,6) and she was redeemed - James recognizes her for both her faith and her works (James 2:24-26). Rahab was saved and the author of Hebrews even records her as one of the heroes (heroines) of the faith. Hebrews 11:31: “By faith the prostitute Rahab, because she welcomed the spies, was not killed with those who were disobedient.” Rahab, the prostitute, was saved.

Now today when we hear the name Rahab, we often think of this lady whom the LORD used to save the spies and deliver Jericho into the Hebrews’ hands. Does anyone know what the name ‘Rahab’ literally means? It - translated from Hebrew- means ‘fat’, ‘broad’, or ‘large’ and in common usage it refers to ‘fierceness’, ‘insolence’, and ‘pride’.[5] In the Bible, the country of Egypt is sometimes derogatorily referred to as a Rahab. Rahab is an insult word used of one of the Hebrews’ off again / on again enemies, the Egyptians.[6] Egypt - according to Isaiah and according to the Psalms – Egypt is a fat, insolent, Rahab (Psalm 89:10, Isaiah 51:9; cf. Psalm 87:4, Isaiah 30:7). Rahab in our story today was a prostitute. But Rahab is saved and Rahab is redeemed.

Many of you know some of our own personal history. Susan, the girls and I were soldiers with 614 in Vancouver’s Downtown Eastside prior to being commissioned as Officers in The Salvation Army. And since then we have served the LORD and the Army in Saskatchewan, in Winnipeg downtown and at Stoney Mountain Penitentiary. And of course we spent the previous few years in downtown Toronto. We made more than a few friends in these environments who –like Rahab- were relegated to the margins of society by circumstances, their choices, and/or someone else’s actions. We had friends in our Bible studies, church services, and/or staying in our very home (we ran a transition residence in Vancouver) who were prostituted peoples, addicted to drugs and alcohol, and suffering everything else common to those environments.

We have had more than one friend, for whom our hearts still break, overdose, convicted of murder, and other such things – some even since knowing the Lord. Sometimes we fall back but even still I have seen God transform many lives: sometimes once, sometimes twice, sometimes thrice, or even more as need be. There are many more people still relegated to the margins of our society even here in our community - they (we) are not unredeemable; they (we) are as ready for redemption as anyone. During the many years we lived and worked in Saskatchewan between Nipawin, Tisdale, Carrot River, Maple Creek and Swift Current, I spent many hours sitting with my friends in the courts, speaking with our friends in the courts, speaking on behalf of friends in the courts, praying with friends in the courts. There are many people we knew there and in Toronto and Vancouver and that we are getting to know even here who wind up on the margins of our society by either circumstances, their choices, and/or someone else’s actions. They can be redeemed. We can be redeemed.

There are many of us in The Salvation Army who at one time or another have found ourselves outcast like Rahab. Rahab in our story today, Rahab was a prostitute. Rahab was a Canaanite. Rahab was marginalized. Rahab was an outcast. And Rahab is saved! And Rahab is redeemed! We can be saved! We can be redeemed!

I have been involved with AA at various times in my life and ministry and at AA we speak about a how a higher power, God, can deliver us. And God can redeem us and God can save us. And God offers salvation not only from alcohol; not only from addiction; not only from a horrible, storied past of abuse and other things; but from all else as well. There is one name by which we all can be saved not only for the here and the now but forever (Acts 4:12). That Name, that One is Jesus. Jesus has died and he rose again from the grave so that we don’t need to be trapped in our addictions; we don’t need to be trapped by our prejudices; we don’t need to be trapped in our sins; we don’t need to be trapped in our struggles. Jesus rose from the grave conquering sin and death so that even those of us most caught by sin and by circumstance can be saved. Rahab was prostituted in a doomed pagan city. Rahab is saved and Rahab is redeemed. We, no matter who we are and what we have had done to us what we have done, we can be saved. We can be redeemed (TSA docs. 6&10).

After Rahab’s faith and deeds were used by God to save the Hebrew spies and deliver Jericho over to the LORD, do you know how the Lord transformed her life? According to Jewish tradition, she became the ancestor of eight priests (Tal Megillah 14b). She is listed as one of four women of surpassing beauty (Tal Megillah 15a; the others were Sarah, Abigail, and Esther).[7] Rahab may mean ‘broad’ but this Rahab is a beauty. The Bible tells us Rahab married Salmon, one of the princes of Judah (Ruth 4:21, 1 Chronicles 2:11, Matthew 1:5). We remember too the wealthy landowner, Boaz, who married the Moabite Ruth of the book of Ruth; this rich, prominent Boaz was Rahab the Canaanite’s son. Ruth was Rahab’s daughter-in-law. Ruth and Boaz had a child, Obed, Rahab’s grandson. His son, Rahab’s great grandson was Jesse and his son, Rahab’s great great grandson... do we know who that was? Who was Jesse’s most famous son? He was King David from whose line is God’s promised Salvation; A Dominion to be established for ever! (Matthew 1:5-6; cf. 2 Samuel 7). This Dominion is of course accomplished through another descendant of Rahab the redeemed prostituted Canaanite – that is Jesus, the Redeemer himself, the Messiah! (cf. Matthew 1:16).

John 3:16: “For God so loved the world that he sent his only begotten Son that whosoever believeth in Him shall not perish but have everlasting life” – and God chose to send His only begotten son through the ancestral line of the redeemed life of Rahab.

Scholar Richard Hess tells us that, “the story of Rahab confirms God’s welcome to all people, whatever their condition. Christ died for all the world and the opportunity is available for all to come to him through faith, even the chief of sinners [like you and like me] (1 Timothy 1:15)...Rahab exhibits faith and understanding of the God who saves her. She becomes part of the family line that leads to the birth of Jesus (Matthew 1:5) and [she is] a model of faith for all Christians” (Hebrews 11:31).[8]

Rahab, who was once a prostituted Canaanite on the margins of society now stands redeemed, saved, holy, cleansed, and as one of the heroes of the faith. You and I here today, no matter what we done, no matter who we have been, no matter what has happened to us, we too can be saved from it all. Jesus died on the cross so that we could die to our sins and He rose from the grave so that we can live out a holy, redeemed life (cf. Romans 10:9-13). It is my prayer that today each of us would - like righteous Rahab - take God up on His offer of His Salvation and of His Redemption.

Let us pray.

Daily blogs at

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Friday, October 14, 2016

Genesis 38&49: Judah's Family

Presented to Swift Current Corps of The Salvation Army, 13 Oct. 2013
Presented to 614 & Warehouse in Toronto, 16 Oct. 2016

Presented to Alberni Valley Ministries 04 October 2020

By Captain Michael Ramsay

This is the 2016 version. The original is available on-line here: http://sheepspeaks.blogspot.ca/2013/10/thanksgiving-at-judahs-house.html

To view the Alberni Valley 2020 version, click here: https://sheepspeaks.blogspot.com/2020/10/reading-genesis-38-on-mmiw-day.html

We just had Thanksgiving. This often a time for families to get together. In most homes in this country they had a Thanksgiving turkey. Now, everyone in my house is a vegetarian but even so I tell you I probably was blessed to have had as much turkey as anyone this past Thanksgiving. First we had turkey at the Argos dinner at Harbour Light then we had turkey at the great combined service between Warehouse and 614. This past week we had another great Turkey meal in the café. And on Thanksgiving Monday, Susan made me a Turkey to go along with the girls’ vegetarian dishes. It was great. Thanksgiving is often a time for families to gather together over turkey, so today we are going to look a family of turkeys or people who are seemingly acting like turkeys.

Today we are looking at Judah and Tamar. Does anyone know who are Judah and Tamar? First, who is Judah?Who was Judah’s father? (Jacob). God changed Jacob’s name; to what did He change his name? (Israel). All of the tribes of Israel are descended from and named after the sons of Israel. Judah is the ancestor of one whole tribe of Israel.

The tribe of Judah even becomes the dominant tribe of all the tribes of Israel and long after Israel ceases to exist as a country, the Kingdom of Judah remains. This is interesting. All of this happens with Judah becoming the dominant tribe because Judah in our text is the person to receive the blessing of the birthright.

Who in theory is supposed to receive a birthright; which child? Who is the heir? The oldest son, right? The interesting part here is that not only is Judah not the oldest son, Judah is not even the second oldest son. Now, not only is Judah not the even second oldest son but Judah is also not even the third oldest son. On Thanksgiving Day, if they had Thanksgiving Day then and there, Judah could have been very thankful for his birthright because Judah receives the birthright usually received for the oldest brother and he is the fourth oldest brother. He has three older brothers who had to be disqualified for him to receive the birthright and that blessing. Let’s look at that - how his older brothers disqualified themselves from the birthright and then let’s look a little more into who exactly is this person Judah.

Genesis 49 gives us a bit of an insight into what is going on in Judah’s family. This portion of scripture records Jacob blessing his sons before he dies. These are Israel’s famous last words to his sons. Genesis 49:1-4 tells us a little bit about Ruben, Judah’s oldest brother and why he doesn’t receive the blessing of the birthright:

49:1 Then Jacob called for his sons and said: “Gather around so I can tell you what will happen to you in days to come.

2 “Assemble and listen, sons of Jacob;

listen to your father Israel.

3 “Reuben, you are my firstborn,

my might, the first sign of my strength,

excelling in honour, excelling in power.

4 Turbulent as the waters, you will no longer excel,

for you went up onto your father’s bed,

onto my couch and defiled it.

Jacob, says to his oldest son, who is the naturally expected heir to this birthright; Jacob says, Verse 4, “You will no longer excel, for you went up onto your father’s bed, onto my couch and defiled it.” Do you know that story? (Israel’s is an interesting family.) Genesis 35:22 records that Reuben lay with Bilhah. Bilhah is his father’s concubine; Bilhah is not only his father’s concubine, Bilhah is his brothers’ mother. Reuben has sexual relations with his brothers’ - Dan and Naphtali - mom. For this his birthright understandably passes down to the second oldest son: Simeon. But Simeon and Levi (the 3^rd eldest) are just as much turkeys as their older brother; these next two sons also disqualify themselves from the blessing of the birthright. Gen 49:5-7:

5 “Simeon and Levi are brothers—

their swords are weapons of violence.

6 Let me not enter their council, let me not join their assembly,

for they have killed men in their anger

and hamstrung oxen as they pleased.

7 Cursed be their anger, so fierce, and their fury, so cruel!

I will scatter them in Jacob and disperse them in Israel.

This ‘blessing’ upon Simeon and Levi - when their dad is on his deathbed – this blessing where their father declares, “let me not enter their council, let me not join their assembly for they have killed men in anger” is rather sharp, to say the least! Do you know what this is about? Genesis 34 records that their sister by the same mom is raped. The man who rapes her, Shechem, repentant, comes afterwards with his dad and asks to have her hand in marriage. Israel agrees but his sons say that all the men of Shechem’s people must be circumcised for this to happen. They agreed and they all become circumcised. Then, while they were all at the height of their pain from being circumcised, Simeon and Levi – these two older brothers - sneak into their camp and kill all the men and take all the women and all their children and more as plunder. As a result of this, Simeon and Levi lose their claim to the birthright and their descendants - the whole tribe of Levi is not given any territory (other than Levite cities) and the whole tribe of Simeon is swallowed up in the tribe of Judah.

The rest of Chapter 49 speaks about the rest of Judah’s brothers. He has quite a large family, probably as many as gathered around Thanksgiving tables this past week across our country. Judah has 11 brothers and an unknown number of sisters and nephews and nieces.

One of Judah’s youngest brothers we know fairly well. Do we know who was Judah’s second youngest brother? His father’s favourite son? (Joseph). We remember the stories of Joseph from the Bible (Gen 37-50). How highly did Judah and the rest of Joseph’s brothers think of Joseph growing up? (Not very!) Remember Joseph has all these dreams about his brothers bowing down to him? (Gen 37:5-11) Remember that his dad flaunts his favouritism and even buys him that coat of many colours and remember how Joseph’s brothers respond to all of this (Gen 37:1-36). They take him and throw him into a well and then at Judah’s recommendation, they sell Joseph as a slave. It is Judah’s idea to sell his little brother into slavery (Gen 37:26-27). That act itself might make one wonder why Judah doesn’t lose his birthright like his older brothers. But he doesn’t

Judah later does redeem himself. Do we remember the end of the Joseph story? The years pass and Joseph is now the one with all the power; he rises to second in command of the regional superpower (Gen 41:37ff.). Joseph is a ruler of Egypt. Joseph then has one of his brothers – Simeon, who comes to him looking for food – put in prison for an indefinite period of time (Gen 42:24). The other brothers later return and Joseph frames one of them for a crime he didn’t commit and is about to throw him in jail, when Judah steps up (Gen 44:18ff.). His brothers can be thankful for Judah. Judah is the one who negotiates freedom for his brothers and Judah is the one God uses to tip Joseph’s hand into revealing his identity and forgiving and providing for his brothers and their families for generations to come. Judah shows here that he is the leader among his brothers. Judah shows that he is a solid choice to inherit the birthright. This brings us back to our story today.

Thanksgiving often sees family gathering from all over the country and here we have an interesting tale about Judah travelling and getting together with his daughter-in-law, Tamar. Tamar isn’t probably an Israelite. Tamar is probably a Canaanite, like Rahab whom we met a couple of weeks ago.[1] We remember from the story of Noah that the Canaanites are cursed for generations for the sins of their father, Ham (Gen 9:25-29). Judah’s son then marries a cursed Canaanite woman – which is later prohibited - and then he dies before he has any children.[2]

Do we understand what is going on in this story with the brothers? In Israel in those days, territorial inheritance was very important and so was having a son to inherit that property. Because of this they had a rule that if a son died without an heir then his younger brother was supposed to have relations with his widow and then the child that results from that would be the heir for his brother. That way the older brother would have an heir and his descendants would not lose their claim to a part of Israel. Judah cooperates with this rule and Judah gives his second son to Tamar, the widow of his first son. Judah’s second son however stands to inherit all of his brother’s inheritance if he doesn’t produce an heir; so instead of impregnating Tamar, he uses ‘protection’ of sorts. He doesn’t complete the job. This makes God mad because Onan was not only hurting Er, his deceased brother, but he was also hurting Tamar, his brother’s widow, and he was hurting Judah, his father, and he was hurting his whole family’s inheritance.[3] God takes Onan’s life. So now Judah has lost his two oldest sons and his eldest son’s widow Tamar is still without an heir for the family.

In that place and at that time there was probably not a more vulnerable person in society than a childless widow – especially since she was a foreigner. A widow without a child has no one to care for her and Judah, while Tamar is in this state, Judah sends his daughter-in-law away. He says that his youngest son is far too young for her and he sends Tamar away without providing the heir that he must provide. Judah puts himself before the command to provide an heir for his son and Judah puts himself before the command to look after the widow in his own household.

Judah sends her away. He doesn’t seem to concern himself with her again. His youngest child grows up and he never fulfils the obligation to give him to Tamar or to invite Tamar back into his clan where she belongs.

Tamar, who is being the good widow at this point, even though she has been sent away, she has still been faithfully living in seclusion while wearing her widow’s clothing. She then hears that her father-in-law is coming to town so she puts on some nice clothes and goes to meet him. Judah sees her and he mistakes her for a prostitute. Here is an opportunity that appears. Judah owes her a son and Judah thinks she’s a prostitute. Judah decides that he wants to use her services but he doesn’t have any money; so Tamar – thinking on her feet - asks for his signet and cord. A signet is like a signature - it is unique to the individual - so one can see how Tamar is taking advantage of this God-given opportunity.[4] Tamar does become pregnant. Some people find out about this and tell Judah that his daughter-in-law (who is supposed to be celibate) is pregnant. The law says that she should be put to death, especially as this happened, so rumour has it, as a result of prostitution. It is at this point that she lets Judah know that he is the father. Judah then admits his sin, what he has done to her and to his family. She gives birth to twins. Judah takes responsibility for his children, one of whom is the direct ancestor of our Lord and Saviour, Jesus Christ. Judah even admits that Tamar is more righteous than is he. Tamar is not a prostitute; she merely conceives the child promised to her.[5]

So why is this story in the Bible? It is important. The fact that a child of this encounter is an ancestor of both King David and Jesus Christ, is mentioned more than once, by more than one author, writing at more than one distinct era in history (cf Ruth 4:18-23, Mt 1:3). Matthew, in the New Testament makes a point of mentioning that it is Judah’s son by Tamar who is in Jesus’ line and Matthew and Ruth even tell us which one of the twins he is: Perez. This story is very important in the history of Israel. This story is very important in the ancestry of King David and this story is very important in the ancestry Christ Jesus, so why is it important to us? And what does it mean to us today?

I think the key point here lies in who is Tamar: Tamar is a Canaanite. The Canaanites are the cursed descendants of Ham. She is cursed; she is a woman; she is a widow; she is a cursed, abused widow who has been even further marginalized and further taken advantage of by privileged Israelites and she, Tamar, is an ancestor of Christ. You couldn’t be much more on the margins of society than is Tamar and Tamar is the ancestor of Jesus.[6]

Jesus in his ministry is always helping the poor, the widow, and the immigrant. Tamar is just that and Tamar is Jesus’ ancestor. God used Tamar – and Judah - to save the whole world in that her actions led to Christ.[7] So as God can use Tamar, who was abused and marginalized to extremes that some of us can only imagine, so too can he use us and that is something for which we can all be thankful. No matter who we are in this life, if we are marginalized and sometimes think ourselves to be nothing, maybe like Tamar; or if we make serious mistakes and commit abusive egregious sins even like Judah; no matter who we are God loves us, He can change us, He can save us and God can use even you and I to point others to His Salvation both now and forever. Let us pray

www.sheepspeak.com

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[1] But cf. John H. Sailhamer, The Expositor's Bible Commentary, PradisCD-ROM:Genesis/Exposition of Genesis/VI. The Account of Jacob (37:1-49:33)/D. Judah and Tamar (38:1-30), Book Version: 4.0.2

[2] Cf. Thomas W, Mann, The Book of the Torah: The Narrative Integrity of the Pentateuch, (Louisville, Kentucky: John Knox Press, 1988), 66-68.

[3] Derek Kidner, Genesis: An Introduction and Commentary. Downers Grove, IL : InterVarsity Press, 1967 (Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries 1), S. 199: The fact that a single Hebrew word suffices for the phrase perform the duty of a brother-in-law (rsv) would confirm that this was a standard practice, even if there were no record of the law in Deuteronomy 25:5ff. Each of the three Old Testament references to this regulation (cf. Ruth 4:5f.) shows that it could be most unwelcome, chiefly through the very fact that the donor himself set great store on family inheritance—but his own. The enormity of Onan’s sin is in its studied outrage against the family, against his brother’s widow and against his own body. The standard English versions fail to make clear that this was his persistent practice. When (9) should be translated ‘whenever’

[4] Cf. Terence E. Fretheim, The Book of Genesis, (NIB I: Abingdon Press: Nashville, 1994), 606.

[5] Cf. Walter Brueggemann, Interpretation: Genesis, (John Knox Press: Atlanta, Georgia, 1982), 311.

[6] Cf. Dorothy Jean Weaver, “‘Wherever This Good News Is Proclaimed”: Women and God in the Gospel of Matthew’, in Interpretation 64, no. 4, (October, 2010) 394-395

[7] Cf. Walter Brueggemann, Interpretation: Genesis, (John Knox Press: Atlanta, Georgia, 1982), 311.

Wednesday, October 23, 2013

Ruth 1: Footprints in the Snow

Presented to Swift Current Corps of The Salvation Army, 27 October 2013
by Captain Michael Ramsay.

Moving can be an interesting time. New places can be very different from old places. I remember when we moved from Victoria to the prairies. We moved in the summer and we noticed how nice and warm Winnipeg was – much warmer than summers in Victoria. I also remember seeing all of these man-made lakes around the city. These really perplexed me. We would look at them: they would be beautiful but there were signs all over them that said ‘no swimming’, ‘no boating’, ‘don’t go in the water’, etc. I wondered why do they have all of these man-made lakes if you can’t swim in them or you can’t boat on them? Do you know what the lakes are for? When Winter struck we found out what they are for: they were outdoor ice rinks. I come from a city where we only get snow once every four years or so and it usually only lasts for at the very most a week. Who of us from there had ever heard of, let alone experienced, an outdoor ice rink?

Also we brought our children into pre-school in Winnipeg in their boots and coats from the wet coast and were rewarded with a note home explaining to us that those are nice but they aren’t real coats and boots: these might be good for rain but in Winnipeg they need to be good for temperatures down to –40c. I remember then calling home and explaining to someone how cold it was in Winnipeg and the Vancouver or Vancouver Island native thought of the coldest temperature that they could think of and they actually asked me: how cold is it there… -5c? At –5c in Winnipeg, I explain, people are wearing shorts. This was a little bit different from Victoria.

Another thing that was different and that is really quite a blessing is the sunlight. On the prairies here you can experience weeks straight with great sunlight and without any real clouds. That is really a welcome change from the Pacific North Wet where you can seemingly have cloud cover for a month or more straight. Every part of our country has such unique beauty and when and wherever you move there are a number of things to get used to, no matter where you go.

In our story today we read about a lady who emigrates from Judah to Moab with her husband and her sons and then her husband and sons unexpectedly pass away and she returns to Judah with her daughter – a new immigrant to a new country. The book of Ruth relays some of their experiences upon coming to Judah. We know in this day and age that immigrating to Canada can come with it’s own challenges, especially for some people. Immigrating to Bethlehem in Judah at the time Ruth did bring some serious perils with it but that was not the full extent of Ruth and Naomi’s difficulties.

Women did not have all the rights and responsibilities in those societies then as they do in our country today. Widows found even less provision for them: they could be quite vulnerable; childless widows would be even more vulnerable; childless, immigrant widows would be very vulnerable. That is exactly what Ruth is as our story develops today.

We read about how Naomi and her husband left their home in Bethlehem in Judah when things were bad – there was a famine – and they went to the country of Moab, looking for a better life. Things may have been going well for a while. Naomi and her husband Elimelech raise their family; their sons, Mahlon and Chilion, grow up and get married. And then as providence would have it Naomi’s husband, her oldest son and her youngest son all die. Elimelech, Mahlon, Chilion all die. Now this would be bad enough in this time and place if your husband and all your children died. In that day and age, that was almost the only way that a woman would be provided for. Naomi couldn’t just go and get a job at 7-11 or at the bank. Also remember that there were no old age pensions in ancient Judah or ancient Moab – your only retirement plan was your sons. They were who provided for you in your old age. Now Naomi all of a sudden has nothing and not only does she have nothing but she has two daughters-in-law, who also have nothing and Naomi has some responsibility to provide for them.[1] It is in this situation that Naomi decides to pack it all up in Moab and head back to Bethlehem in Judah. It is in this situation that Naomi says, Ruth 1:13, “…No, my daughters, it has been far more bitter for me than for you, because the hand of the LORD has been against me” and Ruth 1:20-21, “She said to them, ‘Call me no longer Naomi [which means pleasant], call me Mara [which means bitter] for the Almighty [Shaddai] has dealt bitterly with me. I went away full, but the LORD has brought me back empty; why call me [pleasant] Naomi when the LORD has dealt harshly with me, and the Almighty [Shaddai] has brought calamity upon me?”

Two questions that arise for us quite naturally today then are these:[2]

1) Are Naomi’s accusations toward God valid: did God forsake her?

2) Do we ever reproach God in a similar manner because we feel like God has forsaken us?

Are Naomi’s accusations valid? Naomi was married. There was a famine in her home country so she and her husband felt they had to flee to a foreign land. When they got there, there were no ‘good Judean women’ for her sons to marry so they – quite contrary to Israelite law – married foreigners (cf. Deuteronomy 7:3, 23:3). Then, all of a sudden, she has nothing: her husband and sons die and she is a foreigner with no job, no income, no support, no noted life savings, no children, no foreseeable future but she does have her deceased sons foreign wives to support. And as we noted when we were reading Genesis 38 about Judah and Tamar the other week, Naomi also may have some responsibility –if at all possible - to provide a son for a husband to each of her daughter-in-laws.[3] Naomi is totally despondent, saying: “the hand of the Lord is against me”; “the Lord has dealt bitterly with me”; “I went away full but the LORD brought me back empty”; “the LORD has dealt harshly with me”; “the Almighty has brought calamity upon me.”

Do we ever feel this way? Does our life ever seem to collapse around us? I have heard stories lately of friends either near or far who have lost homes, who have lost fathers, who have lost mothers, who have lost jobs, who have lost pets, who have lost their health, who have been completely overwhelmed with life that tears well up in their eyes. There are some of us here today who are right in the middle of this. There are people here today who are like Naomi and Ruth and who are like Job looking over the horizon to see yet more messengers coming with yet more unwanted news. There are some here today who when the phone rings, don’t want to answer it for fear of what news awaits them. Do you ever get to the point where you don’t want to see anyone for you know that they can’t possibly be bringing any good news? Do you ever get to the point where you are so vulnerable that even the slightest thing now will just seemingly melt away your last drop of strength and do you ever get to the point where you are tempted to ask God to just snuff out your light altogether? Do you ever get to the point where your heart cries out with Naomi’s: “the hand of the Lord is against me”; “the Lord has dealt bitterly with me”; “I went away full but the LORD brought me back empty”; “the LORD has dealt harshly with me”; “the Almighty has brought calamity upon me”? Do you ever find yourself there?

There have honestly been days when I am so overwhelmed by the demands on me from ministry, from family, from everyone else’s problems and from my own, that when I receive an email from headquarters demanding some seemingly frivolous report to be written, requiring some seemingly meaningless hoop to be jumped through, or some requesting seemingly onerous task be done in some seemingly unreasonable time, that I can be tempted to even question whether in deed the Lord really did call me to ministry in The Salvation Army? If He really called me then why would it seem at times that “the hand of the Lord is against me”; “the Lord has dealt bitterly with me”; “I went away full but the LORD brought me back empty”; “the LORD has dealt harshly with me”; “the Almighty has brought calamity upon me” and what can I do about it?

What could Naomi and Ruth do about it?[4] While Naomi reproached God and returned home, Ruth is a different story.[5] Ruth – far from turning on God – turns towards God. Ruth sticks by Naomi, her deceased husband’s mother. Naomi - even in her bitter unpleasant state - is used by God, as an evangelist, to bring Ruth to salvation. And Ruth is not only brought to salvation, Ruth is brought by God, through Naomi to Rahab’s –whom we met last week – son.[6] And Ruth was chosen by God to be the great grandmother of Kind David. And Ruth was chosen by God to be an ancestor of Jesus who is the Christ, the Messiah, the Saviour of the whole world. God when Ruth was at her lowest point, God pointed her to this great salvation for Ruth, for Naomi and for ultimately the whole world.[7]

Look how Ruth responds to the same calamity that befalls Naomi. Look how Ruth responds. Instead of heading home complaining bitterly to God about how He is treating her, she follows God and her mother-in-law, Naomi into the unknown future with a strong declaration of faith. Naomi tries to discourage Ruth from following her into this future but Ruth replies, Verse 17 “Where you die I will die, and there I will be buried. May the Lord deal with me, be it ever so severely, if even death separates you and me.” And Verse 16, “Don’t urge me to leave you or to turn back from you. Where you go I will go, and where you stay I will stay. Your people will be my people and your God my God.” Ruth follows God into the Promised Land. Ruth experiences salvation.

So here is the thing. Naomi turned from pleasant to bitter and God still saved her.[8] Romans 3:3,4a, “What if some were [even] unfaithful will their unfaithfulness nullify the faithfulness of God? By no means!” Hebrews 13:5, God says, “I will never leave you nor forsake you”; Romans 10:13, “Everyone who calls on the Name of the Lord will be saved;” also Acts 2:21. And Ruth -even more- Ruth experiences the joy of that salvation in the midst of her calamity for Ruth moreover chooses not to suffer that bitterness for Ruth chooses to turn God when life seemed to turn on her. With Ruth and with Naomi and with us and with our Lord, it is like that poem, ‘Footprints’, that was read recently at the funeral service for Agnes Gerlack; the variously attributed poem reads:

One night I dreamed a dream.

As I was walking along the beach with my Lord.

Across the dark sky flashed scenes from my life.

For each scene, I noticed two sets of footprints in the sand,

One belonging to me and one to my Lord.

After the last scene of my life flashed before me,

I looked back at the footprints in the sand.

I noticed that at many times along the path of my life,

especially at the very lowest and saddest times,

there was only one set of footprints.

This really troubled me, so I asked the Lord about it.

"Lord, you said once I decided to follow you,

You'd walk with me all the way.

But I noticed that during the saddest and most troublesome times of my life,

there was only one set of footprints.

I don't understand why, when I needed You the most, You would leave me."

He whispered, "My precious child, I love you and will never leave you

Never, ever, during your trials and testing.

When you saw only one set of footprints,

It was then that I carried you."

And that is the same with us today, no matter what is weighing us down, no matter what struggles we have, no matter if everything seems to be falling apart around us, no matter what trials and tribulations come our way, no matter what, the Lord is there with me and Lord is there with you and exactly when things seem to be the darkest then as we look we will notice that there is the light of God to show us the way; just when things seem the most difficult, there will always be our Lord carrying us through.

We don’t need to be bitter like Naomi. We don’t need to submit ourselves to the pain of bitterness in the midst of life’s very real struggles. We don’t need to worry (cf. Matthew 6:19-34). Jesus loves us. God loves us and God promises us that He will never leave us nor forsake us and just when things seem to be their most challenging, just when we can’t possibly move forward one more step at all, just then there is God right in the middle of our trials with us, carrying us on His shoulders towards His Salvation both for now and forever.

Let us pray.

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[1] Cf. Thomas W. Mann, “Ruth 4: Between Text and Sermon,” Interpretation 64 (2010).

[2] Cf. Martha L. Moore-Keish, “Ruth 2,” Interpretation 64 (2010).She phrases the relevant questions as ‘where is God?’ and ‘where are we?’

[3] Captain Michael Ramsay, “Thanksgiving at Judah’s House,” Presented to Swift Current Corps of The Salvation Army (Sheepspeak.com: Swift Current, SK: 13 October 2013): http://sheepspeaks.blogspot.ca/2013/10/thanksgiving-at-judahs-house.html

[4] Cf. Athalya Brenner, “From Ruth to the ‘Global Woman’: Social and Legal Aspects,” Interpretation 64, no. 2 (April 2010): 163 for a good discussion of possible motivations God may have provided.

[5] Cf. Kathleen A. Robertson Farmer, Ruth in Niw Interpreter’s Bible, Vol. 2, ed. Leander E. Keck, et. al (Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 1998), 907 What is lost in the English translations is Ruth's tone of indignation. She is incensed that she would be asked to leave, or forsake, her mother-in-law.

[6] Captain Michael Ramsay, “Rahab the Redeemed (Joshua 2&6, Hebrews 11:31, James 2:25),” Presented to Swift Current Corps of The Salvation Army (Sheepspeak.com: Swift Current, SK: 20 October 2013): http://sheepspeaks.blogspot.ca/2011/09/rahab-redeemed-joshua-2-hebrews-1131.html

[7] Cf. Jessica Tate, “Ruth 1:6-22: Between Text and Sermon,” Interpretation 64 (2010)

[8] Cf. Peter Lau, “Ruth 1:1-18,” The Expository Times 121, no. 1 (2009): 27-28.

Friday, October 18, 2013

Rahab the Redeemed (Joshua 2&6, Hebrews 11:31, James 2:25)

Presented to Swift Current Corps of The Salvation Army, 25 September 2011, the Weekend of Prayer to Stop Human Trafficking and 20 October 2013. By Captain Michael Ramsay

Click here to read the sermon: http://sheepspeaks.blogspot.ca/2011/09/rahab-redeemed-joshua-2-hebrews-1131.html

Friday, October 11, 2013

Thanksgiving at Judah’s House.

Presented to Swift Current Corps of The Salvation Army, 13 Oct. 2013
Presented to 614 & Warehouse in Toronto, 16 Oct. 2016

Presented to Alberni Valley Ministries 04 October 2020

By Captain Michael Ramsay

This is the original version; to view the Toronto 2016 version, click here: http://sheepspeaks.blogspot.ca/2016/10/genesis-38-judahs-family.html

To view the Alberni Valley 2020 version, click here: https://sheepspeaks.blogspot.com/2020/10/reading-genesis-38-on-mmiw-day.html

Thanksgiving is often a time for families to get together. In most homes in this part of the country there will be the Thanksgiving turkey. Not in mine, with a vegetarian family. It will be a double blessing tomorrow then that we will have a turkey dinner at the corps for all who can make it before Bible study. Thanksgiving is often a time for families to gather together, so today we are going to look a family of turkeys or people who are seemingly acting like turkeys.

We are continuing our look at the lineage of Jesus Christ. So far we have looked at Adam and Eve, Noah’s family, and Abraham and Sarah. Today we are looking at Judah and Tamar. Does anyone know who are Judah and Tamar? First, who is Judah?

Who is Judah’s father? Judah’s father was Jacob. God changed Jacob’s name; to what did He change his name? Israel. All of the tribes of Israel are descended from and named after the sons of Israel. Judah is therefore the father, the ancestor of a whole tribe of Israel.

The tribe of Judah even becomes the dominant tribe of all the tribes of Israel and long after Israel ceases to exist as a country, the Kingdom of Judah remains. This is interesting. All of this happens with Judah becoming the dominant tribe, as Judah the person is the one of Israel’s sons to receive the blessing of the birthright.

Who in theory is supposed to receive the birthright; which child? The oldest son, right? Just like with our own Monarch thus far into history. The interesting part here is that not only is Judah not the oldest son (as indeed even his father isn’t the oldest son), Judah is not even the second oldest son. Now, not only is Judah not the even second oldest son but Judah is also not even the third oldest son. On this Thanksgiving Day, Judah could be very thankful if he were still around because Judah receives the birthright usually received for the oldest brother and he is the fourth oldest brother. He has three older brothers who had to be disqualified for him to receive the birthright and that blessing. We’ll look at that in just a moment – how his older brothers disqualified themselves from the birthright and then we will look a little more into who exactly is this person of Judah of our pericope today.

Let’s turn in our Bibles to Genesis 49. It will give us a bit of an insight into what is going on in Judah’s family. This portion of scripture records Israel/Jacob’s blessings of his sons before he dies. These are Israel’s famous last words to his children (the males anyway). Genesis 49:1-4 tells us a little bit about Ruben, Judah’s oldest brother and why he doesn’t receive the blessing of the birthright:

49:1 Then Jacob called for his sons and said: “Gather around so I can tell you what will happen to you in days to come.

2 “Assemble and listen, sons of Jacob;

listen to your father Israel.

3 “Reuben, you are my firstborn,

my might, the first sign of my strength,

excelling in honour, excelling in power.

4 Turbulent as the waters, you will no longer excel,

for you went up onto your father’s bed,

onto my couch and defiled it.

Jacob, says to his oldest son, who is the naturally expected heir to this birthright; Jacob says, Verse 4, “You will no longer excel, for you went up onto your father’s bed, onto my couch and defiled it.” Do you remember that story? (Israel’s family is an interesting family. One that I’m sure in comparison will make you even more thankful for your own.) Genesis 35:22 records that Reuben lay with Bilhah. Bilhah is his father’s concubine; Bilhah is not only his father’s concubine, Bilhah is his brothers’ mother. Reuben has relations with his brothers’ - Dan and Naphtali - mom. (And you think your family is messed up?) For this his birthright understandably passes down to the second oldest son: Simeon. But Simeon and Levi are just as much of turkeys as their older brother; these next two sons also disqualify themselves from the blessing of the birthright. Genesis 49:5-7:

5 “Simeon and Levi are brothers—

their swords are weapons of violence.

6 Let me not enter their council,

let me not join their assembly,

for they have killed men in their anger

and hamstrung oxen as they pleased.

7 Cursed be their anger, so fierce,

and their fury, so cruel!

I will scatter them in Jacob

and disperse them in Israel.

This ‘blessing’ upon Simeon and Levi - when their dad is upon his deathbed – this blessing where their father declares, “let me not enter their council, let me not join their assembly for they have killed men in anger” is rather sharp, to say the least! Do you know what this is about? Genesis 34 records that their sister by the same mom is raped. The man who rapes her, Shechem, repentant, comes then with his dad and asks to have her hand in marriage. Israel agrees but his sons say that all the men of Shechem’s people must be circumcised for this to happen. They agreed and they all become circumcised. Then while they were all at the height of their pain from being circumcised, Simeon and Levi – the two brothers in question here - sneak into their camp and kill all the men and take all their women and all their children and more as plunder. As a result of this, they lose their claim to the birthright and the descendants, the whole tribe, of Levi is not given any territory (other than Levite cities) and the descendants, the whole tribe, of Simeon is swallowed up in the tribe of Judah. If you want to read more about the blessings of Israel’s sons and tribes, you can read more of Genesis 49 later – it is really interesting – and it gives you bit of background as to Judah’s brothers and his life growing up, who would be around the table at big family gatherings, and why Judah receives the blessing of the birthright that is usually reserved for the eldest male child even though he is the fourth son.

Now the rest of Chapter 49 does speak about the rest of his brothers. He has quite a large family, probably as many as will be gathering around Thanksgiving tables today and tomorrow in our community. Judah has 11 brothers and an unknown number of sisters and combined nephews and nieces.

One of Judah’s youngest brothers we know fairly well. Do we know who was Israel’s second youngest son? Joseph. We remember the stories of Joseph from the Bible (Genesis 37-50). How well did Judah and the rest of Joseph’s brothers think of Joseph growing up? Not that well. Remember Joseph has all these dreams about his brothers bowing down to him? (Genesis 37:5-11) Remember that his dad shows Joseph certain favouritism and even buys him that coat of many colours and remember how Joseph’s brothers respond to all of this (Genesis 37:1-36). They take him and throw him into a well and then at Judah’s recommendation, they sell Joseph as a slave. It is Judah’s idea to sell his little brother into slavery (Genesis 37:26-27). That act itself might make one wonder why Judah didn’t also lose his birthright like his older brothers did. But he doesn’t

Judah later does redeem himself. We remember the end of the Joseph story. The years pass by and Joseph is now the one with all the power; he has risen to be second in command of the regional superpower (Genesis 41:37ff.). Joseph is a ruler of Egypt. Joseph then has one of his brothers – Simeon, who came to him looking for food – held in an Egyptian prison for an indefinite period of time (Genesis 42:24). The other brothers later return and Joseph is about to take prisoner another one of his brothers, after framing him for crime, when Judah steps up (Genesis 44:18ff.). His brothers can be thankful for Judah. Judah is the one who negotiates the freedom of his brothers and Judah is the one whom God uses to tip Joseph’s hand into revealing his identity and into forgiving and providing for his brothers and their families for generations to come. Judah shows that he is the leader among his brothers. Judah shows that he is a solid choice to inherit the birthright. This brings us to our story today. We read earlier from Genesis 38. Thanksgiving often sees family gathering from all over the country and here we have an interesting tale about Judah travelling and getting together with his daughter-in-law, Tamar.

Tamar isn’t probably an Israelite. Tamar is probably a Canaanite.[1] We remember from looking at the story of Noah the other week that the Canaanites are cursed for generations to come for the sins of their father, Ham (Genesis 9:25-29). Judah’s son then marries this cursed Canaanite woman – which is later prohibited, by the way - and then he dies before he has any children.[2]

Do we understand what is going on in the story that we read earlier today with the brothers? In Israel in those days, territorial inheritance was very important and so was having a son to inherit that property. Because of this they had a rule that if a son died without an heir then his younger brother was supposed to be with his widow and then the child that results from that would be the heir to his brother. That way the older brother would have an heir and his descendants would not lose their claim to a part of Israel. Judah cooperates with this rule and Judah gives his second son to Tamar, who is the widow of his first son. Judah’s second son however stands to inherit all of his brother’s inheritance if he doesn’t produce an heir for him; so instead of impregnating Tamar, he uses protection of sorts. He doesn’t complete the job anyway. This makes God mad because Onan was not only hurting Er, his deceased brother, but he was also hurting Tamar, his brother’s widow, and he was hurting Judah, his father, and he was hurting his whole family’s inheritance.[3] God takes Onan’s life. So now Judah has lost his two oldest sons and his eldest son’s widow Tamar is still without an heir for the family.

Now in that place and at that time there was probably not a more vulnerable person in society than a childless widow. A widow without a child has no one to care for her and Judah, while Tamar is in this state, Judah sends his daughter-in-law away. He says that his youngest son is too young for her and he sends Tamar away without providing for her the heir that is demanded. Judah puts himself before the commandment to provide an heir for his son and Judah puts himself before the commandment to look after the widow in his own household.

Judah sends her away. He doesn’t seem to concern himself with her again. His youngest child grows up and he never fulfils the opportunity to give him to Tamar and to invite Tamar back into his clan where she belongs.

Tamar, who is being the good widow at this point, even though she has been sent away by her in-laws, she has still been faithfully living in seclusion while wearing her widow’s clothing. She then hears that her father-in-law is coming to town so she puts on some nice clothes and goes to meet him. Judah sees her and mistakes her for a prostitute. Here is an opportunity that appears. Judah owes her a son and Judah thinks she’s a prostitute. Judah decides that he wants to use her services but he doesn’t have any money so Tamar – thinking on her feat here - asks for his signet and cord. A signet is like a signature in that it is unique to the individual so the reader at this point can see how Tamar is taking advantage of this God given opportunity.[4] Tamar does become pregnant. Some people find out about this and tell Judah that his daughter-in-law (who is supposed to be celibate) is pregnant. The law says that she should be put to death, especially as this happened, so the rumour has it, as a result of prostitution. It is at this point that she lets Judah know that he is the father. Judah then admits his sin, what he has done to her and to his family. She gives birth to twins. Judah takes responsibility for his children, one of whom is the direct ancestor of our Lord and Saviour, Jesus Christ. Judah even admits that Tamar is more righteous than is he. Tamar is not a prostitute; she merely conceives the child promised to her.[5]

So why is this story in the Bible? It is important. The fact that a child of this encounter is an ancestor of both King David and Jesus Christ, is mentioned more than once, by more than one author, writing at more than one distinct era in history (See Ruth 4:18-23, Matthew 1:3). Matthew, in the New Testament makes a point of mentioning that it is Judah’s son by Tamar who is in Jesus’ line and the authors of Matthew and Ruth even tells us which one of the twins he is: Perez. This story is very important in the history of Israel. This story is very important in the ancestry of King David and this story is very important in the ancestry Christ Jesus, so why is it important to us? And what does it mean to us today?

I think the key point here lies in who is Tamar: Tamar is a Canaanite. The Canaanites are the cursed descendants of Ham. She is cursed; she is a woman; she is a widow; she is a cursed, abused widow who has been even further marginalized and taken advantage of by privileged Israelites and she is an ancestor of Christ. You couldn’t be much more on the margins of society than is Tamar and Tamar is the ancestor of Jesus.[6]

Jesus in his ministry is always helping the poor, the widow, and the immigrant. Tamar is just that and Tamar is Jesus’ ancestor. God used Tamar to save the whole world in that her actions led to Christ.[7] So as God can use Tamar, who was abused and marginalized to extremes that many of us can only imagine, so too can he use us and that is something for which we can all be thankful. No matter who we are in this life, if we are marginalized and appear to be nothing in our own eyes, maybe like Tamar; or if we make serious mistakes and sin like Judah; no matter who we are God loves us, and God can use even us to point others to His Salvation both now and forever. Let us pray

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[1] But cf. John H. Sailhamer, The Expositor's Bible Commentary, Pradis CD-ROM:Genesis/Exposition of Genesis/VI. The Account of Jacob (37:1-49:33)/D. Judah and Tamar (38:1-30), Book Version: 4.0.2

[2] Cf. Thomas W, Mann, The Book of the Torah: The Narrative Integrity of the Pentateuch, (Louisville, Kentucky: John Knox Press, 1988), 66-68.

[3] Derek Kidner, Genesis: An Introduction and Commentary. Downers Grove, IL : InterVarsity Press, 1967 (Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries 1), S. 199: The fact that a single Hebrew word suffices for the phrase perform the duty of a brother-in-law (rsv) would confirm that this was a standard practice, even if there were no record of the law in Deuteronomy 25:5ff. Each of the three Old Testament references to this regulation (cf. Ruth 4:5f.) shows that it could be most unwelcome, chiefly through the very fact that the donor himself set great store on family inheritance—but his own. The enormity of Onan’s sin is in its studied outrage against the family, against his brother’s widow and against his own body. The standard English versions fail to make clear that this was his persistent practice. When (9) should be translated ‘whenever’

[4] Cf. Terence E. Fretheim, The Book of Genesis, (NIB I: Abingdon Press: Nashville, 1994), 606.

[5] Cf. Walter Brueggemann, Interpretation: Genesis, (John Knox Press: Atlanta, Georgia, 1982), 311.

[6] Cf. Dorothy Jean Weaver, “‘Wherever This Good News Is Proclaimed”: Women and God in the Gospel of Matthew’, in Interpretation 64, no. 4, (October, 2010) 394-395

[7] cC. Walter Brueggemann, Interpretation: Genesis, (John Knox Press: Atlanta, Georgia, 1982), 311.

Sheepspeak: sermons, articles, and papers

Sunday, January 13, 2019

Joshua 2: Redeemed!

Friday, October 14, 2016

Genesis 38&49: Judah's Family

Wednesday, October 23, 2013

Ruth 1: Footprints in the Snow

Friday, October 18, 2013

Rahab the Redeemed (Joshua 2&6, Hebrews 11:31, James 2:25)

Friday, October 11, 2013

Thanksgiving at Judah’s House.

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Sunday, January 13, 2019

Joshua 2: Redeemed!

Friday, October 14, 2016

Genesis 38&49: Judah's Family

Wednesday, October 23, 2013

Ruth 1: Footprints in the Snow

Friday, October 18, 2013

Rahab the Redeemed (Joshua 2&6, Hebrews 11:31, James 2:25)

Friday, October 11, 2013

Thanksgiving at Judah’s House.

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